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Specifically, the servers contained some of Nvidia's most advanced chips, according to the previously unreported tenders fulfilled between Nov. 20 and Feb. 28. While the U.S. bars Nvidia and its partners from selling advanced chips to China, including via third parties, the sale and purchase of the chips are not illegal in China. Contacted by Reuters, Nvidia said the tenders specify products that were exported and widely available before the restrictions. Daniel Gerkin, a Washington-based partner at law firm Kirkland & Ellis, said Nvidia chips could have been diverted to China without a manufacturer's knowledge, given a lack of visibility into downstream supply chains. It did not respond to subsequent questions about tenders that identified its products as a source of banned Nvidia chips.
Persons: Wong Yu Liang, Daniel Gerkin, Kirkland, Ellis, Clare Locke, Gigabyte Organizations: Nvidia, Getty, Super Micro Computer Inc, Dell Technologies Inc, Gigabyte Technology, Reuters, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Artificial Intelligence, Hubei Earthquake Administration, U.S, U.S . Commerce Department, Industry, Security, Super Micro, Dell Locations: China, U.S, Shandong, Hubei, Southwest, Heilongjiang, Washington
BEIJING (Reuters) - A small but powerful Chinese rocket capable of sending payloads at competitive costs delivered nine satellites into orbit on Saturday, Chinese state media reported, in what is gearing up to be another busy year for Chinese commercial launches. It was the third launch of the rocket, developed by China Rocket Co, a commercial offshoot of a state-owned launch vehicle manufacturer, since December 2022. The cost is similar to the launches of other Chinese small-lift rockets including the Long March 11, but their payload sizes are significantly smaller. Other commercial companies in the Chinese vehicle launch sector includes Galactic Energy, whose Ceres-1 rocket made its debut flight in November 2020. Ceres-1 is capable of delivering a 300 kg payload to a 500 km sun-synchronous orbit.
Persons: Xi Jinping, Ryan Woo, Jacqueline Wong Organizations: China, Co, Geely Holding, CAS Space, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Galactic Energy Locations: BEIJING, Yangjiang, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Lijian, Ceres, Beijing, Shandong
By Farah MasterBEIJING (Reuters) - China's population fell for a second consecutive year in 2023, as a record low birth rate and a wave of COVID-19 deaths when strict lockdowns ended accelerated a downturn that will have profound long-term effects on the economy's growth potential. Japan's birth rate was 6.3 per 1,000 people in 2022, while South Korea's rate was 4.9. Long-term, U.N. experts see China's population shrinking by 109 million by 2050, more than triple the decline of their previous forecast in 2019. POLICY ISSUESChina's 2023 rate of 7.87 deaths per 1,000 people was higher than a rate of 7.37 deaths in 2022. Marriages are a leading indicator for birth rates in China, where most single women cannot access child-raising benefits.
Persons: Farah Master, Mao, Washington ., Xi Jinping, Marius Zaharia, Jamie Freed Organizations: Farah Master BEIJING, National Bureau of Statistics, United Nations, Academy of Sciences Locations: China, Japan, South Korea, South, India, Beijing, Washington, United States, Hong Kong
Scientists clone second species of monkey
  + stars: | 2024-01-16 | by ( Katie Hunt | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +6 min
CNN —Meet Retro, a cloned rhesus monkey born on July 16, 2020. Retro is only the second species of primate that scientists have been able to clone successfully. He was not involved in the latest research but has collaborated with some members of the research team on other primate studies. However, a rhesus monkey was cloned in 1999 using what researchers consider a simpler cloning method. Cloned monkeys can be genetically engineered in complex ways that wild-type monkeys cannot; this has many implications for disease modeling.
Persons: Falong Lu, , Lu, haven’t, Dolly, Miguel Esteban, Esteban, ” Lu, Zhong Zhong, Hua Hua, Lluís Montoliu, wasn’t, Organizations: CNN, Nature Communications, State Key Laboratory, Molecular, Biology, of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, , Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine, Covid, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, Royal Society for Prevention, National Center for Biotechnology Locations: Shanghai, Beijing, Spain
Dany Azar/Handout via REUTERS Acquire Licensing RightsWASHINGTON, Dec 5 (Reuters) - Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide are killed annually by malaria and other diseases spread through the bite of mosquitoes, insects that date back to the age of dinosaurs. To their surprise, the male mosquitoes possessed elongated piercing-sucking mouthparts seen now only in females. Some flying insects - tsetse flies, for instance - have hematophagous males. "In all hematophagous insects, we believe that hematophagy was a shift from plant liquid sucking to bloodsucking," Azar said. The researchers said while these are the oldest fossils, mosquitoes probably originated millions of years earlier.
Persons: Dany Azar, Handout, " Azar, Azar, André Nel, hematophagy, Nel, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: REUTERS Acquire, Rights, Chinese Academy of Sciences ' Nanjing Institute of Geology, Lebanese University, National Museum of, World Health Organization, Thomson Locations: Lebanon, Hammana, Paris
AdvertisementHere are four leading theories of how the moon was formed, and why the secret to uncovering the truth could lie deep within our planet. The moon wandered by the Earth and was captured into its orbitAccording to the capture theory, the moon was wandering through the universe like a giant asteroid. NASA/NOAAThe moon formed alongside the EarthThe accretion hypothesis ties the moon to the birth of the Earth. The problem is that while the moon and the Earth share isotopes, the way they put them together is very different. The moon also pulls as the earth, scientists have found.
Persons: we're, , Elon Musk, Sara Russell, Russell, Russel, it's, Vincent Eke, Jacob A, Theia, Deng, Artemis Organizations: Service, NASA, Elon, Apollo, NOAA, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ESA Locations: Theia
Scientists create chimeric monkey with two sets of DNA
  + stars: | 2023-11-09 | by ( Katie Hunt | ) edition.cnn.com   time to read: +7 min
CNN —Scientists based in China have created a monkey chimera with two sets of DNA, experimental work they say could ultimately benefit medical research and the conservation of endangered species. It’s the world’s first live birth of a primate chimera created with stem cells, the researchers said. Scientists have created mouse embryos that are part human, and in 2021, scientists reported that they had grown human-monkey chimeric embryos. In September, researchers reported that they had grown kidneys containing mostly human cells inside pig embryos. Then they selected a subset of cells to inject into genetically distinct 4- to 5-day-old embryos from the same monkey species.
Persons: , , Miguel Esteban, chimeras, Zhen Liu, Liu, Jun Wu, hadn’t, Wu wasn’t, Jacob Hanna, ” Hanna, Penny Hawkins, Organizations: CNN —, Cell, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Weizmann Institute of Science, Royal Society for, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine, Covid Locations: China, Health, Research Hangzhou, Israel, United States
A new analysis published this week suggests that extreme weather linked to climate change might be much harder on native species than on nonnative ones. As the planet warms, extreme weather events — heat waves, cold snaps, droughts and floods — are becoming more common and destructive. The new paper, published on Monday in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution by a team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, suggests that these sudden, violent changes in conditions could be helping to fundamentally reshape ecosystems. In a statement, the team said that research on the impacts of extreme weather on ecosystems, while still in its early stages, was “critically important” to our ability to understand the effects of global warming on biodiversity. The researchers, led by Xuan Liu, an ecologist at the Academy of Sciences, analyzed 443 studies that examined the responses of 1,852 native and 187 nonnative species — from land, freshwater and marine habitats — to extreme weather.
Persons: Xuan Liu Organizations: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences
By Will DunhamWASHINGTON (Reuters) - Seismologists have recognized since the 1970s that two mysterious continent-sized blobs reside in the deepest part of Earth's mantle, one under Africa and the other under the South Pacific region. Based on these simulations, they proposed that most of Theia was absorbed into Earth, forming the blobs, while residual debris formed the moon. If the study's conclusions are correct, these blobs would represent the first direct evidence of the hypothesized moon-forming collision. "It is incredible because we can uncover relics of another planet - Theia - if we dig deep enough in Earth's mantle," added planetary scientist and study co-author Hongping Deng of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Asimow said that if their conclusions are correct some volcanic rocks that reach Earth's surface may provide samples of a vanished planet.
Persons: Will Dunham WASHINGTON, Qian Yuan, Paul Asimow, Hongping Deng, Yuan, Asimow, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: Caltech, Chinese Academy of Sciences Locations: Africa, South Pacific, Theia, Shanghai
This alien planet, Theia, was thought to have completely disappeared in the collision. AdvertisementAdvertisementAs well as shedding new light on the inner workings of our planet, scientists hope they will one day have access to these slabs of alien rock to reveal, once and for all, how our moon formed. The assumption has long been that Theia melded into moon, the Earth's mantle, and its core, in effect disappearing completely. Previous theories have suggested this core-mantle boundary could be made up of bits of ancient ocean floors. The problem is that the core-mantle boundary is very far from the surface — about 1,800 miles.
Persons: Theia, Vincent Eke, Jacob A, haven't, Edward Garnero, Li, Hongping Deng, Everest, Deng, Christian Schroeder Organizations: Service, Arizona State University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Durham University, University of Stirling Locations: Theia, Iceland, Samoa
REUTERS/NASA/Handout/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsWASHINGTON, Nov 1 (Reuters) - Seismologists have recognized since the 1970s that two mysterious continent-sized blobs reside in the deepest part of Earth's mantle, one under Africa and the other under the South Pacific region. Based on these simulations, they proposed that most of Theia was absorbed into Earth, forming the blobs, while residual debris formed the moon. If the study's conclusions are correct, these blobs would represent the first direct evidence of the hypothesized moon-forming collision. "It is incredible because we can uncover relics of another planet - Theia - if we dig deep enough in Earth's mantle," added planetary scientist and study co-author Hongping Deng of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Asimow said that if their conclusions are correct some volcanic rocks that reach Earth's surface may provide samples of a vanished planet.
Persons: Qian Yuan, Paul Asimow, Hongping Deng, Yuan, Asimow, Will Dunham, Rosalba O'Brien Organizations: NASA, REUTERS, Rights, Caltech, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Thomson Locations: Africa, South Pacific, Theia, Shanghai
REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo Acquire Licensing RightsBEIJING/SHANGHAI, Oct 30 (Reuters) - China will send Wu Zhaohui, a Vice Minister of Science and Technology, to a global summit on artificial intelligence this week in Britain, two sources familiar with the matter said. Former Prime Minister Tony Blair visited Beijing earlier this month and met Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, as Beijing seeks to boost ties with the Labour party ahead of a general election likely next year. China's science ministry and foreign ministry, as well as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, did not respond immediately to faxed requests for comment. Wu was appointed to his role in the science ministry in December 2022. Like many countries around the world, China has been caught up in a global craze over generative AI following the popularity of OpenAI's ChatGPT last year.
Persons: Dado Ruvic, Wu Zhaohui, James, Boris Johnson, Tony Blair, Wang Yi, Wu, Xi Jinping, OpenAI's ChatGPT, Laurie Chen, Brenda Goh, Miral Organizations: REUTERS, Rights, Science, Technology, Labour, Chinese Academy of Sciences, HK, Foreign, Commonwealth, Development, Thomson Locations: Rights BEIJING, SHANGHAI, China, Britain, Beijing, British, London, Hong Kong, United States, Shanghai
China spent 1.4 trillion yuan ($191 billion) replacing foreign hardware and software in 2022, marking a year-on-year increase of 16.2%, according to IT research firm First New Voice. Two firms awarded the Harbin tenders were subsidiaries of China Electronics Corporation and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation - both heavily targeted by U.S. sanctions. The U.S. Department of Commerce, China Electronics Corporation and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation did not return requests for comment. Despite heavy spending on domestic substitution, however, foreign firms are still dominant suppliers for banking and telecoms database management. Non-Chinese companies held 90% of market share for banking database systems at the end of 2022, according to EqualOcean, a tech consultancy.
Persons: Tyrone Siu, Kendra Schaefer, Mo Jianlei, Eric Zheng, Brenda Goh, Katerina Ang Organizations: REUTERS, Companies Beijing, Reuters, New, Trivium China, Liberation Army, Tech, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BMC, U.S, Cyberspace Security, China Telecommunications Corporation, Qualcomm, U.S . Treasury, Google, Apple, China Electronics Corporation, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Microsoft, Adobe, China Tobacco, Microsoft Windows, Chinese Academy of Engineering, European Union Chamber of Commerce, of Commerce, Shanghai, U.S . Department of Commerce, HUAWEI, Huawei, IDC, Financial, Lenovo, HK, Beijing, Thomson Locations: Dongguan, Guangdong province, China, BEIJING, Washington, State, Beijing, Gansu province, Harbin, Xiamen, U.S, American, Shanghai
The 150-million-year-old dinosaur is likely a very early bird ancestor, as old as the Archeopterix. This suggests bird's long legs may have evolved much early than thought. The dinosaur, named Fujianvenator prodigiosus, is thought to be as old the Archaeopteryx, which many consider to be the first bird. AdvertisementAdvertisement"I would put my money on runner," Wang told Reuters. There is still a 30 million-year-long gap in the fossil record between Archeopteryx and Fujianvenator and the next bird fossil on record, which appears in the Cretaceous, the study authors said in a press release.
Persons: Fujianvenator, Min Wang, Wang, Rex, prodigiosus, WANG Min Still, WANG Min, Hailu, Mark Loewen Organizations: Service, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Reuters, Nature, University of Utah Locations: Wall, Silicon, Nanping, Fujian, Beijing, Salt Lake City
CNN —Scientists have grown kidneys containing mostly human cells inside pig embryos, an important step toward growing kidneys and potentially other human organs that could be used for transplants in people. “The paper describes pioneering steps in a new approach to organ bioengineering using pigs as incubators for growing and cultivating human organs,” said Dusko Ilic, a professor of stem cell sciences at King’s College London, in a statement. “It is remarkable to see about 60% of the primordial pig kidney contained human cells,” Wu said. What the researchers didTo generate kidneys mostly composed of human cells in pigs, the scientists used cutting-edge techniques harnessing advances in stem cells, gene editing and embryology. “This (new) work is different from existing xenotransplantation approach and aims to generate organs mostly composed of human cells in pigs,” Wu said.
Persons: , Miguel Esteban, ” Esteban, , Dusko Ilic, Jun Wu, Wu, ” Mary Garry, ” Wu, Esteban, ” Joseph A, Vassalotti, ” Vassalotti Organizations: CNN —, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Procurement, Transplantation Network, King’s College London, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, University of Minnesota’s, Heart Institute, National Kidney Foundation, Icahn School of Medicine Locations: Health, United States, Mount Sinai
A life reconstruction of the bird-like dinosaur Fujianvenator prodigiosus, which lived 148 million to 150 million years ago in China, is seen in this illustration. Asked for a word to describe Fujianvenator, Wang replied, "I would say 'bizarre.' Fujianvenator is a member of a grouping called avialans that includes all birds and their closest non-avian dinosaur relatives, Wang said. "The forelimb is generally built like a bird's wing, but with three claws on the fingers, which are absent from modern birds. There is still a big gap between the oldest known bird and the second-oldest known birds," Zhou said.
Persons: Chuang Zhao, Handout, Fujianvenator, Min Wang, Wang, Zhonghe Zhou, Zhou, Will Dunham, Daniel Wallis Organizations: REUTERS Acquire, Vertebrate Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Thomson Locations: China, Fujian Province, Germany, Fujianvenator, Washington
FRANKFURT, Aug 28 (Reuters) - Bayer (BAYGn.DE) said an experimental stem cell therapy developed by its U.S. subsidiary BlueRock had shown signs of easing Parkinson’s disease symptoms in an early 12-patient trial. The German drugmaker announced the trial had succeeded in a brief summary in June, saying it was a first for a stem-cell Parkinson's therapy, but held back details for a medical conference. The five participants on a lower dose experienced 0.72 hours longer per day with well-controlled symptoms on average and the time of worsening symptoms was 0.75 hours shorter per day for them. For BlueRock's experimental therapy, the researchers took human pluripotent embryonic stem cells and transformed them into dopamine-producing nerve cells. Parkinson's, for which there is no cure and which affects more than 10 million people worldwide, causes progressive brain damage.
Persons: BlueRock, Christian Rommel, Bayer's, Britain's, Ludwig Burger, Susan Fenton Organizations: FRANKFURT, Bayer, U.S, drugmaker, International Congress, Cambridge University, South Korea's, CHA Hospital, Cyto Therapeutics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harvard University, Japan's Kyoto University Hospital, Thomson Locations: Copenhagen, Denmark, Australia, United States
Xinhua/Shutterstock‘Absolutely safe’As heavy rains moved toward the region in late July, China’s top flood control officials met to hash out their response plan. The flood was caused by flood water discharge, not by heavy rainfall.”CNN has reached out to the Zhuozhou and Bazhou governments for comment. Rescuers use rubber boats to transfer Zhuozhou residents trapped by flood waters after days of downpours brought by Typhoon Doksuri on August 2. In the recent rains, at least three upstream reservoirs released flood waters into rivers flowing into Baiyingdian from the west and the south, according to state media. Many countries have systems that involve discharging pent up flood waters into otherwise dry land after major storms.
Persons: Xi Jinping, Xi’s, , It’s, Xiong’an, Jade Gao, Ni Yuefeng, downpours, Typhoon Doksuri, Zhai Jujia, Li Guoying, Hongzhang Xu, Xiao, Li Na, Zhu Xudong, it’s, Xiong’an –, Xu, Baiyangdian Lake, Kevin Frayer, , Meili Feng, Simon Song, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Xu Kuangdi, Yi Haifei, Andrew Stokols Organizations: CNN, Xinhua, Getty, Censors, China News Service, China’s, Water, Australian National University, Authorities, China’s Ministry of Water Resources, Hebei Provincial Department of Water Resources, Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Shanghai’s Pudong New, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urban Computing Center Locations: Beijing, China, Hebei, Xiong’an’s, Xiong'an, Zhuozhou, AFP, Bazhou, Xiong’an, Tianjin, , Xinhua, Baiyingdian, Baiyangdian, Mississippi, University of Nottingham Ningbo, , Hebei province, Shenzhen, Shanghai’s Pudong, Shanghai
An ancient skull found in China is like nothing scientists have ever seen. If it is an undiscovered human ancestor, it could rewrite the story of human evolution. The skull has facial features that are similar to early modern humans, which scientists think began to branch away from Homo erectus between 750,000 to 550,000 years ago. Human history is messier than we thoughtThis isn't the first time human remains have shaken up the neat evolutionary path that is thought to have led to humans. Findings of archaic human remains in Israel and Greece over the past few years dating back about 200,000 years also suggested human ancestors may have left Africa a lot earlier than previously thought.
Persons: Xiujie Wu, Maayan Harel, sapiens, Will Oliver Organizations: Service, Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Locations: China, Wall, Silicon, Hualongdong, East China, East, East Asia, Saharan Africa, Morocco, Israel, Greece, Africa, London, Britain
Hong Kong CNN —Nvidia warned Wednesday that if the United States imposes new restrictions on the export of AI chips to China, it would result in a “permanent loss of opportunities” for US industry. The rules, as reported, could make it harder for companies like Nvidia (NVDA) to sell advanced chips to China. Fueled by a boom in demand for its AI chips, the company briefly hit a market capitalization of $1 trillion in late May. We do not anticipate any immediate material impact on our financial results,” Kress added. Chinese AI stocks suffered much heavier losses.
Persons: Colette Kress, , ” Kress, , Biden, ” Jefferies Organizations: Hong Kong CNN, Nvidia, Wall Street, Financial Times, US Department of Commerce, CNN, Bloomberg, Chengdu Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Baidu, Biden, Micron Technology Locations: Hong Kong, United, China, Washington, Shenzhen, Chengdu, ChatGPT, Beijing
A Nvidia Corp. HGX H100 artificial intelligence supercomputing graphics processing unit (GPU) at the showroom of the company's offices in Taipei, Taiwan, on Friday, June 2, 2023. China's artificial intelligence stocks fell Wednesday after the Wall Street Journal reported that the U.S. is planning to impose new curbs on shipments of AI chips to China. According to the Journal, U.S. chip makers such as Nvidia will be affected by the move which could happen as early as July. China's CSI artificial intelligence index fell 3% on that news on Wednesday in Asia. The Shenzhen-traded shares of Inspur Electronic Information Industry slumped 10% and Chengdu Information Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences dropped nearly 8%.
Persons: OpenAI's ChatGPT, Bard chatbots, Organizations: Nvidia Corp, Wall Street Journal, Journal, Nvidia, CSI, Industry, Chengdu Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Locations: Taipei, Taiwan, China, Asia, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Hong Kong, U.S
Some of this work is done by Britain's' Cambridge University, South Korea's Bundang CHA Hospital, International Stem Cell Corp's (ISCO.PK) Cyto Therapeutics in Australia, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harvard University and Japan's Kyoto University Hospital. For BlueRock's experimental therapy, researchers took induced pluripotent stem cells, which are modified to regain the ability to form any type of specialised tissue, and transformed them into dopamine-producing nerve cells. When surgically implanted into the brain of a person with Parkinson's disease, the therapeutic cells are designed to restore neural networks destroyed by the disease. Initial trial results showed the cells multiplied and started making dopamine, an important brain signalling molecule which is lacking in Parkinson's patients. Parkinson's, for which there is no cure and which affects more than 10 million people worldwide, causes progressive brain damage.
Persons: Wolfgang Rattay, Bayer, BlueRock, Britain's, Jennifer Doudna, Ludwig Burger, Miranda Murray, Mark Potter Organizations: Bayer AG, REUTERS, Bayer, Cambridge University, South Korea's, CHA Hospital, Cyto Therapeutics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harvard University, Japan's Kyoto University Hospital, BlueRock Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, Thomson Locations: Leverkusen, Germany, FRANKFURT, Australia, San Francisco Bay
China issues guidance for basic elderly care system by 2025
  + stars: | 2023-05-22 | by ( ) www.reuters.com   time to read: +2 min
BEIJING, May 21 (Reuters) - China has issued guidance to all provinces to build a basic elderly care system by 2025, state-run Xinhua news agency said on Sunday, in the latest step to prevent a demographic crisis. "Promoting the construction of the basic elderly care service system is an important task for implementing the national strategy of actively responding to population ageing and achieving equalisation of basic public services," Xinhua said. It said the guidelines require all provinces to implement a list of basic elderly care services, based on factors such as economic and social development level and financial situation. Provinces must improve the basic pension system service and implement a long-term care security system that connects insurance, welfare and assistance, the statement said. The state-run Chinese Academy of Sciences sees the pension system running out of money by 2035.
[1/2] This image shows the jet and shadow of the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy together for the first time. The supermassive black hole pictured resides at the center of a relatively nearby galaxy called Messier 87, or M87, about 54 million light-years from Earth. This black hole, with a mass 6.5 billion times that of our sun, was the subject of the first image of such an object ever obtained, released in 2019, with another black hole pictured last year. Seeing the entire scene in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole can be insightful. The EHT project has yielded the images of the two supermassive black holes.
CNN —China is making “significant progress” building the country’s fifth research facility in Antarctica after a several years-long lull in construction, according to a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). The site – a research station China has hailed as a means to expand its scientific investigation in the Antarctic – could also be used to enhance the country’s intelligence collection, according to CSIS. In February 2020, a team of US inspectors visited the station, where they were hosted by station leader Wang Zhechao of the Polar Research Institute of China. China has established four scientific research bases in Antarctica since 1984, according to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Under the 1959 treaty Antarctic Treaty, to which China is party, activities on the continent are restricted to “peaceful purposes.”Military personnel are allowed to conduct scientific research, but may not set up bases, test weapons of carry out maneuvers.
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